Testing Protocols
ASTM International
ASTM International, formerly known as American Society for Testing and Materials, is a globally recognized leader in the development and delivery of voluntary consensus standards. Today, over 12,000 ASTM standards are used around the world to improve product quality, enhance health and safety, strengthen market access and trade, and build consumer confidence.
E4
Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines.
These practices cover procedures for the force verification, by means of force measurement standards, of tension or compression, or both, static or quasi-static testing machines (which may, or may not, have force-indicating systems).
C39 / C39M - 21
Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
This test method covers determination of compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens such as molded cylinders and drilled cores. It is limited to concrete having a density in excess of 800 kg/m3 [50lb/ft3].
Keywords
Compressive Strength - Concrete - Density And Relative Density - Test Specimens And Test Engines
C78 / C78M – 22
Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
This test method covers the determination of the flexural strength of concrete by the use of a simple beam with third-point loading and used to determine the flexural strength of specimens prepared and cured in accordance with Test Methods C42/C42M or Practices C31/C31M or C192/C192M. Results are calculated and reported as the modulus of rupture. For the same specimen size, the strength determined will vary if there are differences in specimen preparation, curing procedure, moisture condition at time of testing, and whether the beam was molded or sawed to size.
C109 / C109M – 21
Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
This test method covers determination of the compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars, using 2-in. or [50-mm] cube specimens and results may be used to determine compliance with specifications. Further, this test method is referenced by numerous other specifications and test methods.
Keywords
Compressive Strength - Cube Specimens - Hydraulic Cement - Mortars
C140 / C140M – 23
Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units
These test methods provide various testing procedures commonly used for evaluating characteristics of concrete masonry units and related concrete units. Methods are provided for sampling, measurement of dimensions, compressive strength, absorption, unit weight (density), moisture content, flexural load, and ballast weight. Not all methods are applicable to all unit types, however.
NOTE 2: Consult manufacturer, supplier, product specifications, or other resources for more specific measurement or testing guidelines for those products not addressed with the annex of this standard.
4.2 These test methods provide specific testing requirements in two distinct sections, the requirements applicable to all units covered by these test methods and those applicable to the specific unit types. The requirements applicable to all units are included in the body of these test methods and those applicable to the specific unit types are included within the annexes.
Scope
1.1 These test methods provide various testing procedures commonly used for evaluating characteristics of concrete masonry units and related concrete units. Methods are provided for sampling, measurement of dimensions, compressive strength, absorption, unit weight (density), moisture content, flexural load, and ballast weight. Not all methods are applicable to all unit types, however.
1.2 Specific testing and reporting procedures are included in annexes to these test methods for the following specific unit types:
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Annex A1—Concrete masonry units
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Annex A2—Concrete and calcium silicate brick
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Annex A3—Segmental retaining wall units (Specification C1372)
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Annex A4—Concrete interlocking paving units
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Annex A5—Concrete grid paving units (Specification C1319)
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Annex A6—Concrete roof pavers
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Annex A7—Dry-cast articulating concrete block
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Annex A8—Segmental concrete paving slabs
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Annex A9—Concrete ballast block |
Keywords
Absorption - Compressive Strength - Concrete - Density And Relative Density - Force, Pressure - Masonry Units - Moisture Content - Sampling - Thickness
C170 / C170M - 17
Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Dimension Stone
This test method is useful in indicating the differences in compressive strength between the various dimension stones. This test method also provides one element in comparing stones of the same type.
C293 / C293M – 16
Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam With Center-Point Loading
This test method is used to determine the modulus of rupture of specimens prepared and cured in accordance with Practices C31/C31M or C192/C192M. The strength determined will vary where there are differences in specimen size, preparation, moisture condition, or curing.
TXDOT Standard: TEX-420-A Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete Using Simple Beam with Center-Point Loading
C469 / C469M – 22
Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson’s Ratio of Concrete in Compression
This test method provides a stress to strain ratio value and a ratio of lateral to longitudinal strain for hardened concrete at whatever age and curing conditions may be designated. The modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio values, applicable within the customary working stress range (0 to 40 % of ultimate concrete strength), are used in sizing of reinforced and nonreinforced structural members, establishing the quantity of reinforcement, and computing stress for observed strains. This test method covers determination of (1) chord modulus of elasticity (Young’s) and (2) Poisson’s ratio of molded concrete cylinders and diamond-drilled concrete cores when under longitudinal compressive stress.
Keywords
Compression Test - Concrete - Concrete Cylinders - Modulus Of Elasticity - Poisson's Ratio
C496 / C496M – 17
Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
This test method covers the determination of the splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete specimens, such as molded cylinders and drilled cores. Splitting tensile strength is generally greater than direct tensile strength and lower than flexural strength (modulus of rupture).
Keywords
Cylindrical Concrete Specimens - Drilled Cores - Molded Cylinders - Splitting Tensile Strength
C579-23
Standard Test Methods for Compressive Strength of Chemical-Resistant Mortars, Grouts, Monolithic Surfacings, and Polymer Concretes
These test methods cover the determination of the compressive strength of chemical-resistant mortars, grouts, monolithic surfacings, and polymer concretes. These materials may be based on resin, silicate, silica, or sulfur binders.
Test Method A outlines the testing procedure generally used for systems containing aggregate less than 0.0625 in. (1.6 mm) in size. Test Method B covers the testing procedure generally used for systems containing aggregate from 0.0625 in. to 0.4 in. (1.6 mm to 10 mm) in size. Test Method C is used for systems containing aggregate larger than 0.4 in.
These test methods provide two different methods for controlling the testing rate.
Keywords
Compressive Strength - Concrete - Mortars - Grouts - Polymer Concretes
C1019 – 20
Standard Test Method for Sampling and Testing Grout for Masonry
This test method covers procedures for both field and laboratory sampling and compression testing of grout used in masonry construction. Grout for masonry is specified under Specification C476.
Keywords
Compression Test - Compressive Strength - Grouts - Masonry Units - Sampling
C1314 – 23A
Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Masonry Prisms
This test method provides a means of verifying that masonry materials used in construction result in masonry that meets the specified compressive strength (Note 1).
NOTE 1: A prism is an assembly of components used to measure or verify a property (in this case, the specified compressive strength of masonry, f ‘m). Testing of prisms may be part of a project’s field quality control or assurance program. In these cases, prisms are built as companions to a masonry element (for example, a masonry wall, column, pilaster, beam, or other element) at a jobsite where the masonry element is site-constructed, or within a factory or shop where the element is shop-built. These prisms are not intended to replicate or model the performance or design attributes of the as-built element. Prisms may also be fabricated in a laboratory for research purposes (Appendix X2). In each scenario (field or research) the test procedures are structured so that masonry assembly compressive strength (fmt) is measured in an accurate and repeatable manner.
This test method provides a means of evaluating compressive strength characteristics of in-place masonry construction through testing of prisms obtained from that construction when sampled in accordance with Practice C1532/C1532M. Decisions made in preparing such field-removed prisms for testing, determining the net area, and interpreting the results of compression tests require professional judgment.
If this test method is used as a guideline for performing research to determine the effects of various prism construction or test parameters on the compressive strength of masonry, deviations from this test method shall be reported. Such research prisms shall not be used to verify compliance with a specified compressive strength of masonry.
NOTE 2: The testing laboratory performing this test method should be evaluated in accordance with Practice C1093.
Appendix X2 includes guidance information for the researcher on aspects of materials, construction, and analysis.
Scope
This test method covers procedures for masonry prism construction and testing, and procedures for determining the compressive strength of masonry, fmt, used to determine compliance with the specified compressive strength of masonry, f ′m. When this test method is used for research purposes, the construction and test procedures within serve as a guideline and provide control parameters.
This test method also covers procedures for determining the compressive strength of prisms obtained from field-removed masonry specimens.
The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Keywords
Compliance - Compression Test - Compressive Strength - Specimen Preparation - Test Specimens And Test Engines
C1782 / C1782M - 23
Standard Specification for Segmental Concrete Paving Slabs
This specification covers segmental concrete paving slabs manufactured for construction of pedestrian and roof applications for commercial and municipal projects where close dimensional tolerances for thickness, and/or length and width are not required. These slabs can be manufactured with a dry-cast, wet-cast, or hydraulically pressed process. Concrete units covered by this specification shall be made with lightweight or normal weight aggregates or both.
Keywords
Building Design and Construction - Concrete - Concrete Pavements - Concrete Slabs - Construction - Precast Concrete - Precast Concrete Products - Roads And Pavements - Roofing - Roofing And Waterproofing
C1609 / C1609M – 19a
Standard Test Method for Flexural Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (Using Beam With Third-Point Loading)
This test method evaluates the flexural performance of fiber-reinforced concrete using parameters derived from the load-deflection curve obtained by testing a simply supported beam under third-point loading using a closed-loop, servo-controlled testing system.
Keywords
Beam Specimens - Fiber-Reinforced Concrete - Flexural Strength - Flexural Toughness - Flexural/Bend Strength - Performance Test - Servo-Controlled Testing Machines - Testing Instruments - Three-Point Bend Test - Toughness
D3039 / D3039M - 17
Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
This test method determines the in-plane tensile properties of polymer matrix composite materials reinforced by high-modulus fibers. The composite material forms are limited to continuous fiber or discontinuous fiber-reinforced composites in which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction.
Keywords
Fiber-Reinforced Polymer - Performance Test - Tensile Strength - Tensile Test
D3967 - 23
Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Intact Rock Core Specimens
This test method covers testing apparatus, specimen preparation, and testing procedures for determining the splitting tensile strength of rock by diametral line compression of disk shape specimens.
NOTE The tensile strength of rock determined by tests other than the straight pull test is designated as the “indirect” tensile strength and, specifically, the value obtained in Section 9 of this test is termed the “splitting” tensile strength.
Keywords
Compression Test - Intact Rock Core Specimens - Rocks - Specimen Preparation - Splitting Tensile Strength - Tensile Strength - Tensile Test
D7012 - 23
Standard Test Methods for Compressive Strength and Elastic Moduli of Intact Rock Core Specimens under Varying States of Stress and Temperatures
5.1 The parameters obtained from Methods A and B are in terms of undrained total stress. However, there are some cases where either the rock type or the loading condition of the problem under consideration will require the effective stress or drained parameters be determined.
5.2 Method C, uniaxial compressive strength of rock is used in many design formulas and is sometimes used as an index property to select the appropriate excavation technique. Deformation and strength of rock are known to be functions of confining pressure. Method A, triaxial compression test, is commonly used to simulate the stress conditions under which most underground rock masses exist. The elastic constants (Methods B and D) are used to calculate the stress and deformation in rock structures.
5.3 The deformation and strength properties of rock cores measured in the laboratory usually do not accurately reflect large-scale in situ properties because the latter are strongly influenced by joints, faults, inhomogeneity, weakness planes, and other factors. Therefore, laboratory values for intact specimens shall be employed with proper judgment in engineering applications.
NOTE 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means for evaluating some of those factors.
Keywords
Intact Rock Core Specimens - Stress - Triaxial Compression - Uniaxial Compression
E290 – 22
Standard Test Methods for Bend Testing of Material for Ductility
Bend tests for ductility provide a simple way to evaluate the quality of materials by their ability to resist cracking or other surface irregularities during one continuous bend. No reversal of the bend force shall be employed when conducting these tests.
Keywords
Bend Test - Cracks - Cracks And Cracking - Ductility - Fracture - Machine Tools - Mandrels - Metallic Specimens
F606/F606M - 21
Standard Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
These test methods establish the standard procedures for conducting tests to determine the mechanical properties of externally and internally threaded fasteners, washers and direct tension indicators, and rivets. For externally threaded fasteners, the mechanical tests describe the procedures for determining the following properties: product hardness; proof load by length measurement (Method 1), yield strength (Method 2), yield strength of austenitic stainless steel and nonferrous materials (Method 2A), and uniform hardness (Method 3); axial tension of full size products such as fasteners and studs; wedge tension of full size products such as fasteners and studs; tension of machined test specimens including yield point (by drop of the beam or halt of the pointer, autographic diagram, and total extension under load methods), yield strength (by offset, and extension under load methods), tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area; and total extension at fracture. As for internally threaded fasteners including nonheat- and heat-treated nuts, tests are provided for the determination of product hardness, proof load, and cone proof load.
A370 – 23
Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
The primary use of these test methods is testing to determine the specified mechanical properties of steel, stainless steel, and related alloy products for the evaluation of conformance of such products to a material specification under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 and its subcommittees as designated by a purchaser in a purchase order or contract.
These test methods may be and are used by other ASTM Committees and other standards writing bodies for the purpose of conformance testing.
The material condition at the time of testing, sampling frequency, specimen location and orientation, reporting requirements, and other test parameters are contained in the pertinent material specification or in a general requirement specification for the particular product form.
Some material specifications require the use of additional test methods not described herein; in such cases, the required test method is described in that material specification or by reference to another appropriate test method standard.
These test methods are also suitable to be used for testing of steel, stainless steel and related alloy materials for other purposes, such as incoming material acceptance testing by the purchaser or evaluation of components after service exposure.
As with any mechanical testing, deviations from either specification limits or expected as-manufactured properties can occur for valid reasons besides deficiency of the original as-fabricated product. These reasons include, but are not limited to: subsequent service degradation from environmental exposure (for example, temperature, corrosion); static or cyclic service stress effects, mechanically-induced damage, material inhomogeneity, anisotropic structure, natural aging of select alloys, further processing not included in the specification, sampling limitations, and measuring equipment calibration uncertainty. There is statistical variation in all aspects of mechanical testing and variations in test results from prior tests are expected. An understanding of possible reasons for deviation from specified or expected test values should be applied in interpretation of test results.
ISO Standard: ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
Keywords
Bend Test - Brinell Hardness - Charpy Test - Deformation - Hardness Test - Iron And Steel Products - Izod Test - Rockwell Hardness - Steel - Strength
A1061/A1061M - 20ae1
Standard Test Methods for Testing Multi-Wire Steel Prestressing Strand
These test methods describe procedures for testing the mechanical properties of multi-wire steel prestressing strand.
Keywords
Breaking Strength - Prestressed Specimens - Steel Wire Strands - Strength - Tensile Strength - Tensile Test - Test Specimens And Test Engines - Wires, Wire Strands And Wire Ropes - Yield Strength
AASHTO
AASHTO – The American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials – is a nonprofit, nonpartisan association representing highway and transportation departments in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. It represents all transportation modes, including air, highways, public transportation, active transportation, rail, and water. Its primary goal is to foster the development, operation, and maintenance of an integrated national transportation system.
T 22M/T 22
Standard Method of Test for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
This test method covers determination of compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens such as molded cylinders and drilled cores. It is limited to concrete having a unit weight in excess of 800 kg/m3 (50lb/ft3).
T 97
Standard Method of Test for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
This test method covers the determination of the flexural strength of concrete by the use of a simple beam with third-point loading.
T 106M/T 106
Standard Method of Test for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortar (Using 50-mm or 2-in. Cube Specimens)
This test method covers determination of the compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortar using 50-mm [or 2-in.] cube specimens.
Note—ASTM C349 provides an alternative procedure for this determination (not to be used for acceptance tests).
BSI
BSI Group, also known as the British Standards Institution, is the national standards body of the United Kingdom. BSI produces technical standards on a wide range of products and services and supplies certification and standards-related services to businesses.
BS EN ISO 7500-1:2018 - TC
Metallic materials. Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines – Tension/compression testing machines. Calibration and verification of the force-measuring system
What is ISO 7500-1-Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines about?
ISO 7500-1 is the first part of the ISO 7500 multi-series that discusses metallic materials. ISO 7500-1 details how to calibrate and verify the force measuring system of tension/compression testing machines for metallic materials.
Who is ISO 7500-1-Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines for?
ISO 7500-1 on calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines is relevant to:
- Engineering firms
- Testing houses and services
- Calibration service providers
- Asset management service providers
BS 1881-124:2015+A1:2021
Testing Concrete – Methods for analysis of hardened concrete
The procedures are applicable to concretes made with CEM I cements and, in favourable circumstances, concretes containing ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS).
This part of BS 1881 does not cover the analysis of concretes made with other cements and the determination of fly ash content.
BS EN 12390-3:2019 - TC
Testing hardened concrete. Compressive strength of test specimens
What is BS EN 12390‑3 – Compressive strength of test specimens for testing hardened concrete about?
BS EN 12390 is a European standard that discusses the testing of hardened concrete. Hardened concrete is the strongest and most durable construction material.
BS EN 12390‑3 is a third part in the multi series that discusses methods for the determination of the compressive strength of test specimens of hardened concrete.
Who is BS EN 12390‑3 – Compressive strength of test specimens for testing hardened concrete for?
BS EN 12390‑3 on compressive strength of test specimens for testing hardened concrete is applicable to:
- Civil engineers
- Contractors
- Quality testing personnel
- Research and development facilities
BS EN 12390-4:2019
Testing hardened concrete. Compressive strength. Specification for testing machines
What is BS EN 12390‑4 – Testing hardened concrete about?
BS EN 12390‑4 is the fourth part of the multi-series standard that discusses the testing of hardened concrete. Hardened concrete is the strongest and most durable construction material.
BS EN 12390‑4 specifies the requirements for the performance of compression testing for the measurement of the compressive strength of concrete.
Who is BS EN 12390‑4 – Testing hardened concrete for?
BS EN 12390‑4 on compressive strength with the specification for testing machines for testing hardened concrete is applicable for:
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- Manufacturing of concrete material
- Civil Engineers
- Contractors
- Quality testing personnel
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BS EN 772-1:2011+A1:2015
Methods of test for masonry units. Determination of compressive strength
What is BS EN 772-1 – Compressive strength of masonry units about?
BS EN 772 is a European standard that discusses methods of test for masonry units. The main objective of the BS EN 772 series it to provide best industry methods to determine the quality and performance of construction products and materials such that they contribute to the structural integrity of your civil engineering works.
BS EN 772-1 is the first part of the BS EN 772 series that specifies a method for determining the compressive strength of masonry units.
Who is BS EN 772-1 – Compressive strength of masonry units for?
BS EN 772-1 on masonry units is relevant to:
- Builders
- Architects
- Civil engineers
- Contractors
- Personnel engaged in masonry construction
- Manufacturers of concrete and concrete products
- Quality control personnel
ISO
ISO is an independent, non-governmental international organization with a membership of 164 national standards bodies. Through their members, they develop International Standards through drafting, review, voting and publication as well as offering a range of services that support their strategic goals.
ISO 13503-2
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Completion fluids and materials — Part 2: Measurement of properties of proppants used in hydraulic fracturing and gravel-packing operations
This provides standard testing procedures for evaluating proppants used in hydraulic fracturing and gravel-packing operations. “Proppants” refer to sand, ceramic media, resin-coated proppants, gravel-packing media and other materials used for hydraulic fracturing and gravel-packing operations.
API
American Petroleum Institute represents all segments of America’s oil and natural gas industry. Formed in 1919 as a standards-setting organization; in its first 100 years, API has developed more than 700 standards to enhance operational and environmental safety, efficiency and sustainability.
API STD 19C
Recommended Practices for Testing Sand Used in Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
API STD 19C, 2nd Edition, August 2018 – Measurement of and Specifications for Proppants Used in Hydraulic Fracturing and Gravel-packing Operations
This document provides specifications and standard testing procedures for evaluating proppants used in hydraulic fracturing and gravel-packing operations.
The objective of this document is to provide specifications and a consistent methodology for testing performed on hydraulic fracturing and/or gravel-packing proppants.